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Transmitted Wavefront Error of a Finite Conjugate System

Optical Setups

Overview

Measuring the transmitted wavefront error (TWE) of image relays, beam expanders, binoculars, telescopes, multi-element lens assemblies, and aerospace optical systems is typically completed with a laser interferometer. The diagram below shows a typical setup using a Twyman-Green interferometer. A Fizeau interferometer can also be used.

RECOMMENDED METHOD

Measuring TWE with a Twyman-Green Interferometer

plano transmitted wavefront error, optical setups, fizeau interferometer

Standard setup for measuring the transmitted wavefront error of a finite conjugate system.

Depending on the application, it may be important to test TWE using an interferometer with a laser source close to the optic’s functional wavelength. PhaseCam interferometers are available with a range of visible and IR wavelength sources.

Want a convenient reference to this and other optical test setups? Download the Common Optical Testing Setups guide  (PDF).

Required Equipment

The diagram below shows the equipment needed to measure a finite conjugate system with a PhaseCam Twyman-Green interferometer.
finite conjugate system, transmitted wavefront error, optical setups, twyman-green interferometer
Required Components
Twyman-Green Interferometer More Information
Diverging Optic Specifications
5-Axis Stand Specifications
Dovetail Mount Specifications
Bayonet, 3-Jaw, or Shelf Mount Specifications
5-axis Mount Specifications
Return Sphere Specifications

 

Other Considerations

Low Return Systems

Polarization control lets you match the energy in the test and reference beam to optimize fringe contrast. This feature lets you significantly improve the measurement noise floor and vertical resolution. A wide range of system reflectivities can be supported, and excellent contrast can be achieved, even in low return systems.

Measuring in Vibration

With a traditional, phase-shifting interferometer, measurement data is acquired sequentially—a long enough process that vibration and air turbulence will degrade or even prevent measurement. The interferometer and all mounts must be situated on an air table to isolate the system from vibration.  Air isolation can be expensive—prohibitively expensive for very large optics or long measurement paths.

4D PhaseCam Twyman-Green interferometers feature Dynamic Interferometry®, which enables measurement data to be acquired simultaneously. Because acquisition speed is so fast, vibration is no longer an issue, and an isolation table is not needed.

ALTERNATE METHOD

Measuring TWE with a Fizeau Interferometer

A Fizeau interferometer, which is commonly available in an optical shop, can also be used to measure the TWE of a finite conjugate system.

Need Assistance with Measuring Transmitted Wavefront Error?

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